[1] Abdel-Razeq H. Pentasaccharides: a new class of anticoagulants in clinical practice [J]. J Coagu Disor, 2010, (2): 53—59.

[2] Ganguli ARS, Coward JK. α:β selectivity in the synthesis of 3-substituted, 4-methyl umbelliferone glycosides of N-acetyl glucosamine and chitobiose [J]. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry,

2005, 16(2): 411—424.

[3] Li TH, Ye H, Cao XF, et al. Total synthesis of anticoagulant pentasaccharide fondaparidux [J]. ChemMedChem, 2014, 9(5): 1071—1080.

[4] van Boeckela CAA, Beetza T, Vosa JN, et al. Synthesis of a pentasaccharide corresponding to the antithrombin III binding fragment of heparin [J]. J Carbohydr Chem, 1985, 4(3): 293—321.

[5] Arndt S, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Use of cerny epoxides for the accelerated synthesis of glycosaminoglycans [J]. Org Lett, 2003, 5(22): 4179—4182.

[6] Sourena N, Smoot JT, Vanartsdalen JA. Process for preparing fondaparinux sodium and intermediates useful in the synthesis thereof: WO, 2011014793 [P]. 2009-07-31.

[7] Yang L, Zhu J, Zheng XJ, et al. A highly α-stereoselective synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of the Vi antigen from salmonella typhi and their antigenic activities [J]. Chem Eur

J, 2011, 17(51): 14518—14526.

[8] Kovi R, Naik A, Patel B, et al. Process for preparing heparinoids and intermediates useful in the synthesis thereof: US, 2014336369A1 [P]. 2014-11-13.

[9] Patel PP, Ma C, Ohrr KK, et al. Efficient and scalable process for the manufacture of fondaparinux sodium: US, 20120116066A1 [P]. 2010-05-10.

[10] Petitou M, Jacquinet JC, Duchaussoy P, et al. Total synthesis of a heparin pentasaccharide fragment having high affinity for antithrombin Ⅲ [J]. Carbohydr Res, 1984, 132(2): C5—

C9.

[11] Lee JC, Lu XA, Kulkarni SS, et al. Synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides [J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126(2): 476— 477.

[12] Hansen SU, Barath M, Salameh BA, et al. Scalable synthesis of L-iduronic acid derivatives via stereocontrolled cyanohydrin reaction for synthesis of heparin-related disaccharides [J]. Org Lett, 2009, 11(20): 4528—4531.

[13] Lin F, Lian G, Zhou Y. Synthesis of fondaparinux: modular synthesis investigation for heparin synthesis [J]. Carbohydr Res, 2013, 371(16): 32—39.

[14] Manikowski A, Kozio? A, Czajkowska-Wojciechowska E. An alternative route for fondaparinux sodium synthesis via selective hydrogenations and sulfation of appropriate pentasaccharides [J]. Carbohydr Res, 2012, 361(6): 155— 161.