In the treatment of bladder dysfunctional diseases and bladder tumors, as an emerging therapeutic strategy, nanotechnology provides promising applications for efficient drug delivery in vivo due to its effective size effect and targeting modifications. As an effective administration route for the treatment of bladder diseases, intravesical instillation shows superior efficacy compared with systemic administration. However, periodic urination flushes out the instilled drug, resulting in a reduced duration of action. In addition, the existence of a bladder permeability barrier limits drug penetration into the inflammatory sites and tumor tissues. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel nano-drug delivery system. This study reviews research related to nano-drug delivery systems for the treatment of bladder dysfunctional diseases and bladder tumors, with the aim of providing more ideas and methods for improvement of clinical treatments in the future.

Hyaluronidase is capable of degrading hyaluronic acids(HA) and has essential applications in clinical medicine and drug delivery. The hyaluronate lyase(HylP) from Streptococcus bacteriophage was overexpressed, purified, and characterized to obtain better hyaluronidases. The HylP consists of 337 amino acids and belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 16(PL16). The optimal temperature of recombinant HylP exhibited the optimal temperature is 40 ℃, and the optimal pH value is 6.0. The HylP is stable under 35 ℃ and pH 6.0 - 7.0, and degraded HA specifically with an activity of 24 U/mg. Enzymatic kinetic analysis showed that Km and kcat of HylP towards HA was 0.13 mg∙ml-1, 13.80 s-1, respectively. HylP is a highly specific and active lyase toward HA, which has potential application in producing low molecular HA.

在药物临床前安全性评价啮齿动物致癌试验中，肿瘤性病变是判断药物是否具有潜在致癌作用的重要依据。分析一个致癌试验中的肿瘤数据是一个非常复杂的过程，某些情况下将同一器官或组织或者不同器官/组织中形态学相似的良、恶性肿瘤的发生率合并进行统计分析是合理的，特别是一些全身性肿瘤。该文简要介绍美国国家毒理学项目中心推荐的啮齿动物致癌试验肿瘤合并的基本原则、区分良恶性肿瘤及细分肿瘤的意义以及肿瘤合并标准，以期为我国药物临床前安全性评价啮齿动物致癌试验的结果分析和基于证据权重进行药物的潜在致癌作用判断提供一定参考。