主办:上海医药工业研究院
   中国药学会
   中国化学制药工业协会
ISSN 1001-8255   CN 31-1243/R   ZYGZEA

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    Perspectives & Review
  • Perspectives & Review
    WANG Ruonan, QIAN Yimin, LI Hua*, MA Jing
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    Sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD) is an anionic high water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative, which is obtained by substituting by 1,4-butane sulfonate with 2-, 3-, 6-bits of carbon on glucose-β-cyclodextrin glucose unit under basic conditions. Compared with β-cyclodextrin, SBECD has enhanced water solubility and higher in vivo safety, and it is widely used in pharmaceutical preparations such as injections, oral preparations, nasal administration preparations, and eye drops. This paper reviews the characteristics of SBECD and the application in the formulation process, and focuses on the progress of SBECD in safety study in healthy volunteers and patients with renal impairment.
  • Perspectives & Review
    GUO Tingting1,2,3, ZHU Junxiao1,2,3, YANG Ye1,2,3, CUI Xiuming1,2,3, WANG Chengxiao1,2,3*
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    This review focuses on the design strategies and applications of nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) based on Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs). The related research progress in recent years is reviewed from the following three aspects. Firstly, we introduce the structural information and biological characteristics of BSPs. Secondly, we categorize the design strategies of BSP-NDDS, including hydrophobic moieties, cleavable linkage, functional groups, targeting moieties and drug links. After that, several typical construction methods of drug-loading nanocarriers based on BSPs are introduced. Finally, the liver targeting, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) targeting and the mechanisms of stimulate-response are discussed, and the applications in tumor and related therapies are prospected.
  • Paper
  • Paper
    YU Chengbin, DUAN Liangxing, ZHANG Naihua, WANG Xiujuan, ZHANG Guimin*
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    An improved synthetic process of imipenem monohydrate was developed. 4-Nitrobenzyl (5R,6S)-6- [(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,7-dioxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate (3) was subjected to phosphorylation and nucleophilic substitution with cysteamine in acetonitrile/NMP to give 4-nitrobenzyl (5R,6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3- [(2-aminoethyl)thio]-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride complex with NMP (1∶1)(5). 4-Nitrobenzyl (5R,6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-[[2-[(iminomethyl)amino]ethyl]thio]-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride (6) was prepared from 5 and benzyl formimidate, and in the workup, isopropanol was added to the reaction solution to make 6 precipitate slowly with purity greater than 95.0%. Finally, the p-nitrobenzyl (PNB) was removed by reduction of compound 6 with zinc powder in pyridine/acetic acid buffer system (pH 4.5 - 5.0, containing 1.0% urea) and the target compound was precipitated in isopropanol with a total yield of 64%, so that the desalination and freeze-drying equipment were avoided. Adding urea to the reaction system can effectively inhibit the ring-opening and dimerization, so that the purity of 1 is more than 99.0% with less than 0.3% of the ring-opening impurities, and less than 0.2% of the dimeric impurities. The improved process has the advantages of mild reaction condition, low equipment requirement and high safety factor, which make it more suitable for industrial production.
  • Paper
    ZHAO Guifang1,2, BAI Wenqin1, ZHENG Yi1, SUN Xiuling1, ZHANG Guimin1,2*
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    The synthetic route of decitabine was improved. Catalysis SnCl4·5H2O, which was loaded on activated carbon(SnCl4/C), was applied in the process of acetylation and glycosylation. Concentrated sulfuric acid was instead by SnCl4/C for catalyzing 1-O-methyl-2-deoxy-3,5-bis(O-Fmoc)-D-ribofuranose(4) to prepare 1-acetyl-2-deoxy-3,5-bis(OFmoc)- D-ribofuranose(5), the purity of 5 raised to 80% and the problem of solution emulsified easily also was resolved by this way. The glycosylation was catalyzed by SnCl4/C between 5 and 2-[(trimethylsilyl)amino]-4-[(trimethylsilyl)- oxy]-S-triazine(7) have a marked improvement for the purity of 1-[3,5-bis(Fmoc)-2-deoxyribofuranosyl]-5- azacytidine(8) with 78% purity(α and β), the β/α ratio was at least 1.3. The catalysis efficiency of catalyst unchanged basically after it was used three times. The total yield was increased from 13% to 26%.
  • Paper
    WU Haibo1,2, XUE Xingya2, LI Kuiyong1, ZHOU Yongzheng1
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    In order to lower the content of lincomycin B component, purification by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was studied. In this study, the hydrochloric acid extract of lincomycin was separated. The final chromatographic purification process was determined by screening packings, pH of sample solution, sample loading and elution conditions. LK-1 was selected as packing with pH 8.0 of sample solution and 10% of sample loading (weight). 1-Fold column volume of water and 3-fold column volume of acetone were used to elute the component B and the targeted component A, respectively. Preparative separation was carried out on 50DAC. The elution of acetone was modified to pH 2, and then the product was precipitated(crystallization yield was 91%). After purification, the content of lincomycin B decreased from about 3% to less than 0.5%。The recovery rate of lincomycin A was 92.7% and the purity of product was 98.94%. With short separation period(<1 h), this novel process can be efficiently used to lower the content of lincomycin B in manufacture.
  • Paper
    MIN Taoling, GAO Ping, XIONG Lei, CHEN Changfa, HU Haifeng*
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    The genetic transformation of Aspergillus delacroxii SIPI-W15 with high echinocandin B productivity is not reported, which greatly limits the molecular mechanism and the metabolomics development of Asp. delacroxii SIPI-W15. The optimum genetic transformation of Asp. delacroxii SIPI-W15 mediated by Agr. tumefaciens was determined with Agr. tumefaciens AGL-1 as the mediated strain, the fresh Asp. delacroxii SIPI-W15 spores concentration of 106 cuf/ml suspension, the Agr. tumefaciens AGL-1 concentration of OD600 0.7, and the cocultivation time of 3 days at 24 ℃. Under such optimal transformation conditions, the transformation frequency was 96 transformants per plate using 106 conidia. Based on the genetic transformation, one mutant strain that high-yield of echinoncandin B was screened, with a productivity of 2 468 mg/L. AMT was applied in Asp. delacroxii and this transformation system will provide a powerful tool for the further study on function genes of echinocandin B biosynthesis.
  • Paper
    HAO Wusi1, FAN Ziquan2, XI Jianqiang1, CHENG Zhihong1*
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    An HPLC and UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus method was adapted to study the chemical composition of stem, branch and leaf of Herba Siegesbeckiae, a long-history Chinese medicine for treating arthritis. The results showed that the average contents of kirenol in herbs, stems, branches and leaves of Herba Siegesbeckiae was 0.160%, 0.010%, 0.040% and 0.555%, respectively. An UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus method was established for identifying chemical constituents of stems, branches and leaves of the herbs. Almost 80 chemical constituents from leaves of Herba Siegesbeckiae were identified and the main of them were kirenol, darutoside, darutigenol, scutellarin, adenosine, DLstachydrine, citric acid, caffic acid, 3-coumaric acid, 3,4-di-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin, monomyristin, (-)-pinellic acid, 13-oxo-9E,11E-octadecadienoic acid and fatty acids. The study indicates that, the average contents of kirenol in branches and stems was both lower than the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, in particular, the contents of the stems was as low as 0.010% and other constituents in the stems was less abundant. However, the proportion of stems in herbs was up to 38.9%-57.5%. The proportion of leaves with high content of kirenol and rich in chemical composition was only 15.8%-29.7% due to without proper protection fragile leaves when they were harvested. So the UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus method was used to distinguish the chemical components of stems, branches and leaves from Herba Siegesbeckiae for the first time, and the results showed that leaves of Herba Siegesbeckiae was an ideal parts for medicine.
  • Paper
    YANG Beibei, FENG Disang, PAN Xin, QUAN Guilan*, WU Chuanbin
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    In this study, hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS MF and HF), Eudragit? (L100-55 and S100), and hypromellose (HPMC P55) were used as the polymer carriers to prepare solid dispersions by hot melt extrusion method. Then, different surfactants were added into above systems to prepare solid dispersions based on polymer-surfactant binary carriers. The physical states of the obtained samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the in vitro dissolution test under supersaturated condition was employed to evaluate the crystallization inhibition abilities of different surfactants. The results showed that the crystallization inhibition ability of binary carriers containing surfactants was significantly higher than that of single polymer carrier. And the crystallization inhibition ability was highly dependent on the surfactant types, which was in the sequence of D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)>polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetatepolyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus)>poloxamer 188> dodecyl sodium sulfate (SDS). Additionally, for the same surfactant, the crystallization inhibition ability increased with the increase in surfactant proportion, and the ability tented to be stable after surfactant proportion increasing to a certain level. Amorphous solid dispersion based on polymersurfactant binary system constitutes a potential tool to solve the crystallization problem of poorly water-soluble weakly basic drugs in gastrointestinal tract, which constructs the theoretical framework for the industrialization of amorphous solid dispersions.
  • Paper
    HUANG Ri, PENG Junqing*, LU Jing, SHEN Guangqing, NIE Qianlan
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    The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of sodium starch glycolate (SSG) from different manufacturers with different crosslink modes on dissolution of amisulpride tablets. Several self-made amisulpride tablets prepared by different SSG products and the original amisulpride tablets (Solian?) were stored at (60±2)℃/relative humidity (RH) (75±5)% for 10 d or (40±2)℃/ RH (75±5)% for 3 months. By testing the disintegration time and in vitro dissolution behaviors of above samples, it was found that SSG crosslinked by phosphate group (PG) could improve disintegration and dissolution behaviors of the generics, and increase dissolution stability, compared with SSG crosslinked by glycolate group (GG). The dissolution stability of amisulpride tablets that prepared by SSG crosslinked by PG was in accordance with that of Solian?. The PG crosslinking mode of SSG can improve the slow dissolution rate caused by using SSG crosslinked by GG and the dissolution stability of amisulpride tablets.
  • Paper
    MA Huan, ZHOU Zhen, FANG Baihuan, LI Zhou, GE Qinghua*
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    A LC-MS/MS method was established for determination of tenofovir in human plasma. A tandem mass spectrometric detection with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface was conducted via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) under positive ionization mode. It was linear in the concentration range of 4 - 1 000 ng/ml for tenofovir. The recoveries were 103.0% - 111.4%, and intra- and inter-day RSD were no more than 15.10% and 9.67%, respectively. No signif?icant matrix effects were observed in normal blank plasma. Hemolyzed and hyperlipidemic plasma were made by adding 5% whole blood and 2% intralipid into normal blank plasma, respectively. The results indicated that hemolyzed and hyperlipidemic matrix did not affect the accuracy of the assay. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets administered in the fasting and fed conditions by Chinese volunteers. The results showed that in the fed condition, the values of tmax and AUC0→t for tenofovir were significantly increased (P0.05), indicating that food would prolong absorption of tenofovir.
  • Paper
    GU Lixin, XU Xuwei, WU Xufeng*
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    Three related substances in pharmaceutical-grade D-biotin were isolated by preparative RP-HPLC and their structures were identified as epi-biotin, carbamoyl biotin and benzylcarbamoyl biotin based on the analysis of MS, NMR(including 1H NMR, H-HCOSY, NOESY, 13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC and HMBC), FT-IR and UV data. Carbamoyl biotin and benzylcarbamoyl biotin are reported in the first time. This study not only provides the references of related substances for drug quality control, but also is instructive to the production technology improvement of D-biotin.
  • Paper
    SUN Xiaohui1,2, CHEN Yahui1,2, CHEN Jubing1,2, ZHU Xi1,2, MA Jing1,2*
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    In recent years, receptor occupancy has become an important part of pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic (PK-PD) investigation for antibody drugs from preclinical to early clinical stage. The study of receptor occupancy is usually based on flow cytometry. Receptor occupancy data directly reflect the degree of drug interaction with the target in vivo, which are valuable for the calculation of first-in-human dose, optimal effective dose, dosing regimen, etc. Scientific sensitivity and robustness of detection methods and integrity of method validation could all affect the trustworthiness of the data. In this article, in the light of the general principles and consensuses of industry and the experiences of our lab, considerations for the method development and validation for receptor occupancy are discussed.
  • Paper
    LI Haiying, CHEN Pengyue, XUE Yuhan, CUI Ying, YANG Wenzhi*
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    Polyethersulfone membrane (PESM) was prepared with in situ phase conversion method in capillary injection inlet. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the preparation conditions of PESM with the determined peak area of metformin hydrochloride and interception rate of macromolecular bovine serum albumin (BSA) as indicators. The optimum membrane-forming scheme was 18% of polyethersulfone, 6% of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600, the membrane temperature of 45 ℃ and the volatilization time of 60 s. The PESM in column coupled high performance capillary electrophoresis (PESM-HPCE) method was established for the simultaneous analysis of metformin hydrochloride, glimepiride, rosiglitazone hydrochloride and repaglinide in the BSA solution or rat plasma sample. The four hypoglycemic agents in the biological samples were directly determined by a dialysis injection method. The results showed that the PESM had good interception effects on BSA and plasma endogenous components. The four hypoglycemic agents were well detected and the precisions of the peak area were good. However, the retention time of four drugs was increased due to the fluid resistance of PESM. The PESM was stable within 8 h. Three batches of PESM were prepared and the sample of four hypoglycemic agents in BSA was analyzed. The batch-to-batch RSDs of peak area and migration time for four hypoglycemic drugs were less than 4.09% and 3.14%, respectively. Moreover, isoniazid, vitamins B1 and B12 in BSA or rabbit plasma were all detected by this PESM-HPCE method, indicating biomacromolecular components could be intercepted by PESM.
  • Paper
    CUI Qingde1, LI Haiyan2, YE Yanfen3
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    An HPLC wavelength switching method was established for the simultaneous determination of seven constituents in ShuganJianwei pills. An Hypersil ODS2 C18 column was used, with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water at the detection wavelength of 230 nm at 0-15 min(for paeoniflorin) and 294 nm at 15-45 min(for narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, honokiol and magnolol).The method was found to be linear for the seven components in the ranges of 6-60, 5-50, 18-180, 36-360, 6-60, 2-20, and 5-50 μg/ml, respectively. The recoveries were 99.3%-100.6%, with the RSDs of 0.5%-1.3%, respectively.
  • Paper
    WU Qiong1, SONG Lili2
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    An UPLC method was established for the determination of the following related substances: Cyclo- (Ala-Glu)(2), Cyclo-(Ala-Gln)(3), Py-Ala-OH(4), L-Pyroglutamic Acid(5), D-Alanyl-L-Glutamine(6), Ala-Gln(7), L-Alanine(8), L-Glutamine(9) and Ala-Ala-Glu(10) in alanyl glutamine(1). An Inertsil amide column was used, with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer(previously adjusted to pH 4.5 with phosphoric acid)(72∶28) at the detection wavelength of 205 nm. It was linear for 1-10 in the range of 0.20-2.00, 0.50- 5.00, 0.02-0.20, 0.25-2.50, 0.30-3.00, 0.10-1.00, 0.40-4.00, 0.10-1.00, 0.05-0.50 and 0.10-1.00 μg/ml(r>0.999). The average recoveries of 2-10 were 99.5%, 97.3%, 98.1%, 97.9%, 98.8%, 97.7%, 96.8%, 96.5% and 97.7%, with RSDs of 2.30%, 2.47%, 2.01%, 2.13%, 1.92%, 1.83%, 2.27%, 2.63% and 2.23%, respectively. The detection limit of 2-10 were 0.01, 0.005, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.01 μg/ml, and the quantitation limit were 0.03, 0.015, 0.06, 0.03, 0.03, 0.06, 0.06, 0.03 and 0.03 μg/ml. The method is accurate, reliable, reproducible, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of nine related substances in alanyl glutamine, which provides a reliable method for the quality control of alanyl glutamine.
  • Paper
    XU Mingming, CHENG Jing, WU Lihong, SHAO Hong, CHEN Gang*
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    An HPLC-FLD method was used for the determination of polysorbate 20 or polysorbate 80 in 9 monoclonal antibody formulations to study the interference of antibody in the monoclonal antibody formulation. In the results of HPLC-FLD, polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 could not be separated, and the presence of antibodies interfered with the determination of polysorbate content, so the interference of the antibody should be deducted.
  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    DING Jinxi, ZHANG Jing, CHEN Ye, LI Jiaming, LI Wei
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    ZHENG Yongxia1, DU Jing2, YANG Yue1, DONG Jiangping2
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    CHENG Xiaokun1, QIU Junxin2, WANG Yali1, MA Miaorui1, LIU Yue1, WANG Huijuan1*
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    HU Jun, XUE Lijun, SHAO Rong*
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    LI Xuan, YANG Tingting, ZHOU Bin*
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