主办:上海医药工业研究院
   中国药学会
   中国化学制药工业协会
ISSN 1001-8255   CN 31-1243/R   ZYGZEA

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    Perspectives & Review
  • Perspectives & Review
    Lü Xunlei1, LIN Kuaile1, GUO Linlin2, ZHOU Weicheng1*
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  • Perspectives & Review
    HU Yue1,2,3, SHENG Yunhua1, TANG Liming1,3, CHEN Gang2, CHEN Guiliang3,4*
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    In order to guide and optimize the formulation design, adjust the formulation process, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhalation products, in vivo-in vitro correlations (IVIVC) are usually established through applying a series of in vitro models to predict the in vivo characteristics of drugs, by which development efficiency is improved and economic and time costs of R&D are saved. This paper summarizes the in vitro models commonly used in IVIVC, including models for predicting lung deposition, in silico models for predicting pharmacokinetics, and in vitro cell models for predicting toxicity and in vivo process. Futhermore, the application advantages and limitations of each model are discussed. In the development of inhaled products, using IVIVC might predict the deposition of inhaled formulations in the respiratory tract, the pharmacokinetics after administrated into the body, so as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the products.
  • Perspectives & Review
    WANG Xuecheng, WU Zhenfeng*, LI Yuanhui, XIONG Yaokun, YANG Ming
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    The obvious characteristics of heat-sensitivity, viscosity, volatility and bacterial susceptibility of materials in traditional Chinese medicine are summarized in this paper. In order to ensure the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines and their preparations, the drying temperature should be reasonably controlled. Thus, the necessity of application of low temperature drying technology to traditional Chinese medicine and the applicability of commonly used low temperature drying technologies and drying equipment are described. The differences in process and equipment matching between low-temperature drying technology, the contradiction between low temperature conditions and high drying efficiency, as well as the contradiction between high cost and high quality are analyzed. Some corresponding countermeasures are proposed. With the continuous deepening of theoretical research related to low temperature drying and the continuous development of smart equipment manufacturing technologies, low temperature drying technology will occupy an important position in the industrial production of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • Paper
  • Paper
    YUAN Chunping1, 2, HOU Huimin1*, QIAN Mingying1, ZHANG Huiping1, LUO Chunlin1, WANG Zhengfang1
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    At present, spray coating is generally used for osmotic pump tablets coating. This technology has several drawbacks such as the flammability and explosive potential of the organic solvent, dust generation, environmental pollution, long processing time. To avoid such problems, we have developed a new coating technology for osmotic pump tablets through thermoplastic coating. There are three processes involved in the thermoplastic coating: Hot melt extrusion of membrane - Heat skin coating - Laser melt cutting (HHL method). Where the hot melt extrusion of membrane refers to a process of preparing the coating membrane (H membrane) from a mixture of cellulose acetate, triethyl citrate and polyethylene glycol 1500; the heat skin coating refers to a process of coating the tablet core with the H membrane; and the laser melt cutting refers to a process of cutting off excess heat-sealed membrane around the coated tablet following the step of laser drilling of an orifice at the center of the tablet. The coating process and key parameters were studied via the use of a torque rheometer. The H membrane prepared by the hot melt extrusion process exhibited good thermoplasticity, transparency, ductility and uniformity. Metformin hydrochloride osmotic pump tablets and nifedipine osmotic tablets were successfully prepared by adopting the HHL method. In conclusion, the thermoplastic pump tablet coating process described here has the advantages of avoiding volatile organic solvents and potential dust pollution, shortening the coating cycle time, and could be suitable for large-scale continuous production of OPTs. Thus, it represents a significant advance in OPT coating technology for the future.
  • Paper
    LI Shumin1, WU Tingting1, WANG Xinglan1, ZHANG Jiquan1,2, TANG Lei2*
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    The antitumor drug gedatolisib was prepared by taking cyanuric chloride (2) as the starting material. Compound 2 reacted with morpholine in acetone/water to give 2-chloro-4,6-bis(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, which was followed by a Suzuki coupling with 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 to afford 4-[4,6-bis(morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl]aniline. In this step, the amount of the catalyst Pd(PPh3)4 was reduced from 5% to 0.8%, the crude was purified by recrystallization in ethyl acetate. Then the latter was subjected to an amidation with N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole and a condensation with (4-aminophenyl)[4-(dimethylamino)- piperidin-1-yl]methanone to prepare the target compound with a total yield of 40.1%(based on 2). This process has short synthetic route, accessible materials, mild conditions and handy operations, which makes it suitables for the scale-up preparation.
  • Paper
    HOU Lin1, ZHANG Xiaohui1, ZHANG Cong2, LI Xiangyang2
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    The synthetic process of gamithromycin was optimized. (E)-Erythromycin A oxime was isomerized in isopropanol in the presence of lithium hydroxide to (Z)-erythromycin A oxime, which was subjected to a Beckmann rearrangement in THF/acetone at 0 ℃ with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride to produce 9-deoxy-12-deoxy-9,12-iminoether- 8a,9-didehydro-8a-aza-8a-erythromycin A with a purity of 90%. After a reduction with sodium borohydride in methanol/ water, 9-deoxy-8a-aza-8a-homoerythromycin A was synthesized with a purity of 94%. Then the latter was subjected to a reductive alkylation with propanal in the presence of palladium-carbon to afford the target compound with a purity of 99.6% and an overall yield of 30.7%. The optimized process has mild reaction conditions and convenient operation, and all of the intermediates can be refined by recrystallization, which makes it easy for quality control. This process is more suitable for industrial production.
  • Paper
    CHEN Daopeng1, MA Yanqin1, YANG Xiangping1, CHEN Liang1, ZHANG Guisen1,2*
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    A new synthetic route for agomelatine was developed. 1-Bromo-7-methoxynaphthalene reacted with magnesium to prepare Grignard reagent, and then ethylene oxide was subjected to a Grignard reaction to afford 7-methoxy-1-naphthylethanol, which was subjected to a esterification with benzenesulfonyl chloride to give (7-methoxy- 1-naphthalenyl)benzenesulfonate. Then the latter reacted with potassium phthalimide in DMF to prepare N-[2-(7- methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]phthalimide. After a hydrolysis in hydrazine hydrate and a acetylation with acetic anhydride, the target compound was obtained with a total yield of 43.5%. The process has the advantages of short route, simple operation and no need of special conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and it has been applied in largescale production. The process has been patented and authorized in 2008.
  • Paper
    WU Guolong1, KOU Buyu2, LIU Haixia2, FU Lei1*
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  • Paper
    TONG Xiangliu, YANG Yali, LIN Guobei, WU Yubo, LUO Huafei*
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    Acrylate pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have stable chemical properties and good drug-loading properties. They can be divided into three categories according to functional groups and are widely used in the preparation of patches. However, it is always based on experience and no theoretical basis for the choice of PSAs. In this paper, dexketoprofen (1) was used as a model drug to prepare the dispersed drug-in-adhesive patches with three types of acrylate PSA. The adhesion properties of the patches were investigated. It was found that the adhesion of PSA Duro-Tak? 87-4098 decreased sharply, meaning the drug compatibility between 1 and PSA 87-4098 was poor. Then, the in vitro dissolution and skin permeation through excised SD rat skin were examined. It was found that the trends and patterns of permeation and release of 1 from different types of PSA were consistent. The results showed that the drug release and permeation behaviors from three kinds of PSA patches had significant differences, and the descending order was as follows: PSA Duro-Tak? 87-235A>PSA Duro-Tak?87-2287>PSA Duro-Tak? 87-4098. The in vivo pharmacokinetic experiment in rats was carried out. Then, we found a correlation between drug release behavior in vitro and in vivo, and the in vivo behavior was also consistent with permeation and dissolution behaviors in vitro. To explain this phenomenon, the thermodynamic activity of PSAs and interaction between drug and PSAs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, respectively. The results of DSC analysis might explain why the release of 87-4098 was the slowest, and FT-IR results showed that a new hydrogen bond between drug and PSA 87-2287 was formed in the drug-in-adhesive patches. Thus, it was concluded that the inherent thermodynamic activity of PSAs and the interaction between drug and PSAs affected the drug release, permeation and absorption behaviors from the drug-inadhesive patches. It might be used as a basis for selection of the acrylate PSA.
  • Paper
    WANG Shao, YANG Hengbo, YUAN Ting, YAN Qi, GAO Xiurong*
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  • Paper
    GE Qinghua, KANG Xiuyuan, MA Huan, ZHOU Zhen, FANG Baihuan
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    Nine validated LC-MS/MS methods were selected to analyze and evaluate the rate of passed QC samples and the incurred samples reanalysis (ISR) deviation in respect of analytical batches and ISR from routine sample analysis study. It is expected to avoid potential risks, establish suitable evaluation methods, and provide evidences for the analytical method establishment, application, quality management and quality control in the future. The results showed that the deviations from a bioanalytical method application were controllable with careful experiment design, strict process management and scientific method verification. From the perspective of quality management and quality control, attentions should be paid to the rate of passed QC samples, the rate of passed ISR samples, and the average deviation in a practical application of biological analysis method. Sources resulting in some methods with low passed rate or large deviation should be proactively investigated.
  • Paper
    PAN Weijing, LI Gaomin, LIN Mei, ZHANG Mei, PENG Xingsheng*
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  • Paper
    ZOU Wen1, ZHANG Jundong2, SHI Xianxiao1, QI Xueyong1*
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    An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) method was established for the determination of zinc in zinc hyaluronate. EDXRF tube pressure was 40 kV with tube flow 150 mA, No. 1 collimator, and No. 3 filter. The count rate was stabilized at 24 000. A regression equation was established to determine the zinc content in zinc hyaluronate with I=1.637c-3.219(r=0.998 5). The recovery rate was 100.2% with RSD of 1.06%. The determination results of EDXRF method and EDTA-2Na method were compared, and there was no significant difference between the two methods (P>0.05). EDXRF method is quick, convenience, safety, environmental protection with good precision and high accuracy.
  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    DU Shuang, LIANG Yi*
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    LI Bo1,2, SUN Lihua1*
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    LU Shihua, WEI Yingying, LI Shan, WEI Guanghui*
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    TIAN Jianjun1, SHEN Yuebo2, JIAO Xiongfei2, WANG Liang1, HAN Fengtian2
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    WANG Zhen1,3, FENG Ai2, FENG Bianling3*
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    HAN Dong1, ZHAO Yinghuan2, TIAN Lijuan1*
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