主办：上海医药工业研究院
　　　中国药学会
　　　中国化学制药工业协会
ISSN 1001-8255   CN 31-1243/R   ZYGZEA
Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals

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    Perspectives & Review
  • Perspectives & Review
    Recent Advances in the Structural Modification of Ibuprofen
    LUO Xiao, ZHU Yuchao, HUO Tongyu, JIAO Ning*
    2018, 49(06): 707. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used NSAIDs in clinical, and it has a history of over 50 years for use. In order to obtain more active compounds or to reduce ibuprofen’s adverse reactions, structural modifications of ibuprofen have been developed in recent years. In this review, various studies in structural modifications of ibuprofen are summarized according to different strategies, and some recent organic synthetic methodologies are also introduced to provide a reference for the development of modification.
  • Perspectives & Review
    Powder Characteristics and Formulation Patterns of Dry Powder Inhalers
    ZHU Wanhui, WU Wenzhe*
    2018, 49(06): 722. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have been one of the research hot spots in recent years, with an excellent application prospect. Research and development of DPIs have strict requirements on powder characteristics of dry powder. Properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients, carriers and additives, environment and processing conditions decide the relative strength of the inter-particle forces, then affect the macroscopic properties of the powder. Understanding the powder properties by a variety of means, selecting the optimal processing conditions and formulation patterns, device design are the keys to the research and development of DPI formulation. Recently, DPIs prepared by novel engineering technology such as TechnoSphere? and PulmoSpheresTM have been on market.
  • Perspectives & Review
    Discussion on Insoluble Particles of Protein Drugs Caused by Silicone Oil in Prefilled Syringes
    HOU Qingqing, ZHANG Yilan*
    2018, 49(06): 730. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    As packaging and delivery system combined products, pre-filled syringes (PFS) are becoming increasingly popular in the field of biopharmaceutical products for their own advantages. However, the development of biopharmaceutical products in PFS presents its own distinctive challenges. The components of the PFS are likely to interact with the drug, in particular, issues involving incompatibility with silicone oil which often be used as a lubricant. Silicone oil will migrate into injection to form droplets, which may induce aggregation of protein, resulting the formation of insoluble particles and other issues. Therefore, this paper reviews the development of PFSs, the siliconization technology for PFSs, the insoluble particles caused by silicone oil and the solutions to this matter.
    • Paper
  • Paper
    A Novel Synthetic Process of Triamcinolone Acetonide
    ZHANG Jinfeng, ZHANG Tianjie, GUO Yekun*, ZHONG Jingfen
    2018, 49(06): 737. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A novel synthetic route for triamcinolone acetonide was reported. Pregna-1,4,9(11),16-tetraen-21- hydroxyl-3,20-dione-21-acetate(5) was obtained from prednisolone(2) via acetylation of 21-hydroxy, elimination of 11-hydroxy with phosphorus pentachloride and elimination of 17-hydroxy with N-chlorosuccinimide/SO2 sequentially. Then 5 was subjected to oxidition by potassium permanganate, nucleophilic addition and hydrolysis of 21-ester to give pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-16a,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-21-hydroxyl-3,20-dione(8). Then 8 reacted with dibromohydantoin in dioxane/water to introduce 9α-bromine and 11β-hydroxy, which was followed by epoxidation and substitution with hydrogen fluoride to give the target compound with an overall yield of 24.2％(based on 2) and a purity of 99.9％. The method for preparing 5 from 2 has not yet been reported in literature.
  • Paper
    Synthesis of Semaglutide
    DONG Yuanzhen1, MA Jie1, ZHANG Xiquan2, FENG Jun1*
    2018, 49(06): 742. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Semaglutide was synthesized by solid-liquid phase synthesis. Both the linear peptide Aib8, Arg34GLP-1(7-37) and aliphatic side-chain acylating agent were obtained using solid-phase synthesis, and the Lys26 amino acid was subsequently modified by using the latter one in alkaline condition. A homogeneous time-solved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) was performed to evaluate the bioactivities of the self-synthetic samples. The results showed that the bioactivities of the two samples from different batches were identical, and its EC50 was half of Liraglutide's. In conclusion, this process technology has several advantages such as cheap material and high yield in the industrial production.
  • Paper
    A Novel Synthetic Route for the Hypolipidemic Apabetalone
    LI Chao, LIU Zibin, FENG Qiurong, LIU Shuwen, XI Baomin*
    2018, 49(06): 748. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A new synthetic route of apabetalone was reported. 2-Bromo-4,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (10) was prepared via acylation from 1-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene(9), subsequently 10 was subjected to Pinnick oxidation to give 2-bromo-4,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid (11) at room temperature, which was followed by amidation to afford 2-bromo- 4,6-dimethoxybenzamide (12). Finally, the target compound was obtained from a cyclization of 12 and 4-[2-[(tertbutyldimethylsilyl) oxy]ethoxy]-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (8) in ammonia with an overall yield of 24.0％(based on 9) and a purity of 99.3％. The new synthetic route had some advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high yield, which was more feasible for industrial production, and the method for preparing apabetalone from 11 has not yet been reported in literature.
  • Paper
    Synthesis of Lenvatinib
    TANG Jianqiu1,2, TANG Song2, ZHU Yizhong2, CHEN Guoguang1, REN Lili1*TANG Jianqiu1,2, TANG Song2, ZHU Yizhong2, CHEN Guoguang1, REN Lili1*
    2018, 49(06): 753. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.007
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    N-Cyclopropyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide (4) was prepared by the reaction of cyclopropylamine with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole instead of the highly toxic phenyl chloroformate. Then compound 4 was subjected to a substitution with 4-(4-amino-3-chlorophenoxy)-7-methoxyquinoline-6-formamide to afford lenvatinib with a total yield of 73％, and a purity of 99.2％. This process has some advantages such as high yield, simple operation, and it is suitable for industrial production.
  • Paper
    Synthesis of (S)-1-(2,6-Dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethanol
    YUAN Qiliang1, WANG Chao1, QIAN Jie1, XU Pengfei1, SHEN Yongmiao2*
    2018, 49(06): 756. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A new synthetic method for (S)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethanol, the key intermediate of crizotinib, by chemical resolution was reported. (2,6-Dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethanone was reduced by sodium borohydride to give 1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethanol, which was followed by reacting with phthalic anhydride to afford 2-[[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]benzoic acid (4). Then the latter reacted with (S)-1- phenylethanamine to prepare (S)-1-phenylethanaminium (S)-2-[[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]- benzoate(5), which was subjected to acidification and hydrolysis to give the target compound with an overall yield of 43％, a purity of 99.8％ and an ee value of 99.9％. In this method, compound 4 and 5 are new compounds which have not yet been reported in literatures. This process has been carried out in 100 kilograms pilot production, and both phthalic acid and (S)-1-phenylethanamine were recovered .
  • Paper
    Preparation and in vitro Evaluation of Benzoyl Peroxide Gel
    SHI Jiajun1,2, MA Jinlong2*, SHEN Qi1, XU Yi2, HUANG Lele2
    2018, 49(06): 760. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The aim of the present work was to develop a benzoyl peroxide (BPO)(5％) gel for skin acne vulgaris treatment, and the evaluation of in vitro equivalance to the reference listed drug (RLD), Benzihex? AC, was carried out. The formulations of the gel were formulated by employing Carbopol 980 as hydrophilic matrix and poloxamer 407 as sorbefacient. Optimization of formulation was supported by agar diffusion method and the following factors were investigated through single factor screening at three levels: the partical size of BPO (100-400 mesh number), the concentration of Carbopol 980 (1.0％-2.0％) and poloxamer 407 (0.1％-0.3％). The response variables was the diffusion distance in agar. The optimized gel had similar in vitro release profiles to the RLD based on the similarity factor (f2). The delivery amounts of BPO into and through the pig skin from the optimized gel were compared to those from RLD. Both gels showed consistent behavior: the stratum corneum uptake and skin penetration of BPO from the two gels were generally comparable. Taken together, the results of this research provided a generic BPO gel that was in vitro equivalent to the RLD.
  • Paper
    Preliminary Evaluation of T7 Modified Redox-sensitive Polyamide Amine for siRNA Delivery
    YAN Xiuyun1, DING Bomei1, HU Qing1, CHENG Lifang1, CHEN Dawei1,2*
    2018, 49(06): 767. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this study, a T7 modified redox-sensitive polyamide amine (T7-PEG-SS-PAMAM, T7-PSSP) conjugate with potential for liver cancer targeting was constructed for pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-siRNA delivery. 1H NMR was used to confirm the structural characters of the polymer. The particle size, polydispersity index and ζ potential of the T7-PSSP/siRNA complex were (119.8±0.76)nm, 0.19±0.12 and (8.92±0.38)mV, respectively. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that the carrier-gene complex had a good stability and could protect siRNA from RNase degradation. Flow cytometry quantitative analysis confirmed that the modification of T7 peptide could significantly increase the uptake of siRNA in HepG2 cells. According to the semi-quantitative analysis results, siRNA was rapidly released from the PSSP/siRNA complex under the action of glutathione reductant, indicating that the PSSP/siRNA complex could efficiently release the delivered siRNA in a reducing environment. Real-time fluorescence quantitative detection results showed that T7-PSSP/siRNA complex displayed the highest PKM2 gene transfection and silencing efficiency compared to the negative control and other complexes groups. The above results showed that this bifunctional siRNA delivery system, T7-PSSP/siRNA complex, had both tumor-targeted and redox-sensitive property, it could effectively release siRNA in the intracellular environment to enhance siRNA knockout effect, and thus could be used as a potential nanocarrier for efficient siRNA delivery.
  • Paper
    Preparation of Pyritinol Hydrochloride Osmotic Pump Tablets
    CHENG Hang, LIU Xiaojuan*
    2018, 49(06): 775. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The pyritinol hydrochloride osmotic pump tablet cores were prepared with wet granulation method, then followed by coating a layer of ethylcellulose with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 as the plasticizer and porogen. The formulation was optimized by single factor test with the similarity of drug release curves as the index. On the basis of the results of central composite design, the optimal formulation composition of the tablet cores was as follows: pyritinol hydrochloride 150 mg, glucose 6.31 mg, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 16 mg, and microcrystalline cellulose 27.69 mg, the coating solution was 300 ml of acetone solution containing 9 g of cellulose acetate and 2.1 g of PEG 4000, and the weight gain was 3.85％. The release of pyritinol hydrochloride from the optimal osmotic pump tablets could be described by zero-order kinetics. The in vitro drug release behavior was not affected by pH value of the release medium. The pharmacokinetics in rabbits was carried out with the commercially available pyritinol hydrochloride tablets as the reference preparation. The results showed that the peak concentration of the self-made tablets was lowered and the peak time was extended compared with the reference preparation, indicating the desired experimental purpose was achieved.
  • Paper
    Preparation and in vitro Dissolution of Rivaroxaban Solid Dispersions
    FENG Juhong, HU Jia, WU Lei, WU Zhifei, HU Xuelei*
    2018, 49(06): 782. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.012
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    Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and copolyvinylpyrrolidone (coPVP) were respectively used as carriers to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of rivaroxaban by solvent method, and the dissolution characteristics in vitro were studied. According to the results of single factor test, the optimal preparation of rivaroxaban SDs was as follows: the SDs with coPVP as carriers and drug/carrier ratio of 1∶10 were prepared at 65 ℃ and rotating time of 45 min. Physicochemical properties of the obtained SDs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution of rivaroxabancoPVP SDs at 5 min was 5.2 times as much as the bulk drug and reached 96.8％ at 20 min. The results of DSC, XRD and SEM analyses showed that rivaroxaban was highly dispersed in polymer carrier coPVP with amorphous form, which proved the formation of solid dispersion.
  • Paper
    Formation of Bezafibrate Particles via Gas Antisolvent Process with Supercritical CO2
    CHEN Qi1, CHEN Pengli2, TAN Liuyang2, HU Guoqin2*
    2018, 49(06): 789. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.013
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    Bezafibrate (BZ) was micronized by gas antisolvent (GAS) process with supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) as an antisolvent, and the needle-like crystallines with ordered structure were obtained. The results showed that smaller microparticles were obtained at higher crystallizing temperature and lower pressure, and meanwhile the length of crystalline decreased as the concentration of BZ decreased. The length of crystalline altered with the kind of solvents, and it did not show significant change with the flow rate of SC-CO2. The crystallines of BZ were analyzed by microscopic imaging system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The recrystallization of BZ was successfully performed by GAS and needle-like crystallitns with smaller particle size and a narrow distribution were obtained. The results of FT-IR, XRD, TGA and DSC indicated that there was no significant differences in physicochemical properties between the raw material and particles of BZ micronized by GAS.
  • Paper
    Identification of Pig, Cattle and Sheep Derived Components in Hyaluronidase Raw Material by PCR
    ZHOU Jianhua1, LI Songbo2,3, WANG Ziqiang2*
    2018, 49(06): 796. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.014
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    Two PCR methods, PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR with TaqMan probe, were established to determine the origin of hyaluronidase raw material. The DNA of the hyaluronidase was extracted by magnetic beads DNA extraction kit. The extracted DNA was used as a template for PCR-RFLP and TaqMan probe real-time fluorescence PCR to detect whether the sample contains pig, cattle and sheep source ingredients. Both PCR methods were well-characterized and both pig and sheep-derived nucleic acid concentrations of 0.01 ng/μl and cattle-derived nucleic acid concentrations of 0.1 ng/μl were detectable. Furthermore, 0.001 ng/μl pig-derived nucleic acid can be detected using real-time PCR. PCR-RFLP method and TaqMan probe real-time fluorescence PCR method can be used to detect the species origin of biochemical drug. We first reported the identification of species origin of hyaluronidase raw material using molecular identification technology, which is of great significance to control the quality of biochemical drugs.
  • Paper
    Primary Structure Elucidation and Glycopeptides Identification of Novel Erythropoiesis Stimulating Protein by LC-MS/MS
    LI Feng1, ZHANG Yanmei2, HE Jinjiao1, HUO Yanyan1
    2018, 49(06): 803. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP, also known as Aranesp?) is a complex biopharmaceutical glycoprotein used to treat anemia associated with chronic renal disease clinically. It contains five N-linked carbohydrate chains (Asn24, Asn30, Asn38, Asn83 and Asn88) and one O-glycosylation site up to 22 sialic acid residues. An LC-MS/MS method was established for peptide mass fingerprinting and structural elucidation of NESP. After digested with trypsin, the NESP peptides were separated both with HPLC and zwitterionic type of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC-HILIC). Compared with HPLC stationary phase, the ZIC-HILIC exhibited better separation efficiency and MS response signal. Pronase E proteolytic enzymes can degrade most of the amide bonds in glycoproteins, while retaining the intact glycans with a small amount of amino acid. In the way, a ZIC-HILIC column was applied to the separation of the Pronase E digested peptides. It was shown that the ZIC-HILIC column had high capability as well as high selectivity for structural recognition of the O-glycopeptides. Finally, three kinds of O-glycopeptides were identified and they displayed nonsialylated, monosialylated and disialylated O-glycans as GalNAcGal(NeuAc)2, GalNAcGal(NeuAc)1 and GalNAcGal.
  • Paper
    Determination of Three Components in Tiji'ao Capsules by UPLC-DAD Wavelength Switching Method
    YU Jiafa1, ZHANG Lei2
    2018, 49(06): 810. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.016
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    A UPLC-DAD wavelength switching method was established for the simultaneous determination of tegafur (1), gimeracil (2) and potassium oxonate (3) in Tiji'ao capsules. The Accucore-C18 column was used, with the mobile phase of 0.01 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH 4.0)∶methanol (90∶10), at the detection wavelengths of 240 nm (0-3 min, 3), 214 nm (3-6 min, 2) and 272 nm (6-10 min, 1). The linear ranges for 1-3 were 10-100, 2.9-29 and 9.8-98 μg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries were 97.8％, 99.1％ and 99.5％, with RSDs of 2.77％, 1.56％ and 1.72％, respectively. This method is proved to be valid for the quality control of Tiji'ao capsules.
  • Paper
    Rapid Detection of Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets with NIR Spectroscopy
    SUN Yiwei1, LI Minghua2, SONG Lili2
    2018, 49(06): 814. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.017
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    A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) method was established for the determination of levofloxacin hydrochloride (1) tablets. Fifty laboratory samples were prepared according to the prescription of 1 tablets and 10 batches of industrial samples were collected. A quantitative calibration model was established by NIR combined with partial least square (PLS) regression, taking the contents determined by HPLC as the reference values. The quantitative calibration model of 1 was successively established. The original spectrum of samples were pretreated by FD+VN technology, and the spectra in the ranges of 5 526.7-6 187.5 cm-1, 5 003.6-5 389.1 cm-1, and 4 466.8-4 700.8 cm-1 were chosen for analysis. The R2 and RMSECV of the calibration set were 0.999 4 and 2.29, while that of the validation set were 0.998 2 and 2.43, respectively. The error was -1.23-1.03 mg/g. Furthermore, a paired t-test was performed to confirm that the NIR values and the reference values have no significant difference. The method is simple, rapid, and can be applied to rapid detection of levofloxacin hydrochloride tablets.
  • Paper
    Analysis of Volatile Components in Different Parts of Capparis spinosa L. by HS-SPME-GC-MS
    HE Jiang1, RUXIANGULI Yiming1, ZHANG Xuanchen2, YANG Weijun1*
    2018, 49(06): 818. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.018
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The volatile components in different parts of the uygur traditional medicinal plants Capparis spinosa L. were investigated. A solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSSPME- GC-MS) method was used. Forty-seven compounds were identified from the root bark and 46 components were identified in the nearly ripe fruits. The contents of isothiocyanate compounds in C. spinosa L. fruit and root bark were relatively high with some regularity. Ethyl isothiocyanate and sec-butyl isothiocyanate were specific components in the nearly ripe fruits, while methyl isothiocyanate and isobutyl isothiocyanate had relatively higher proportions in the root bark. Our work reported the volatile components in different parts of C. spinosa L. , providing a basis for reasonable development of C. spinosa L..
  • Paper
    Pharmacokinetics of Andrographolide Tablets in Beagle Dogs
    XU Shan1, CHEN Rui1, LIU Li1, XU Zhiru1, JIANG Chunhong2*
    2018, 49(06): 824. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.019
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    In this study, a selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of andrographolide(1) in beagle dogs' plasma after oral administration of andrographolid tablets. The analytes and tolbutamide (internal standard, 2) were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution for linear gradient elution. The mass spectrometer was operated in negative-ion and multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode, with the transitions of m/z 394.14→m/z 287.26 and m/z 268.87→m/z 169.94 for 1 and 2, respectively. This method was successfully applied in the investigation of the pharmacokinetic profile of 1 in Beagle dogs after oral administration of 1 tablets. After single oral administration of 15 mg/kg to Beagle dogs, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as follows: t1/2(3.35±3.08) h, AUC0→t(375±189)ng?ml-1·h, cmax (139±49.3) ng/ml.
  • Paper
    A New Polymorphic Form of Cariprazine Hydrochloride
    HAO Chao1, WANG Guohai1, CHEN Liang1, ZHANG Wei1, CAO Longji1, ZHANG Guisen1,2*
    2018, 49(06): 830. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.020
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A new polymorph of cariprazine hydrochloride ( named as form Ⅳ) was discovered and investigated. The form Ⅰ and Ⅳ were both characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that form Ⅳ was significantly different from form I. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that form Ⅳ would transform into form Ⅰ at around 195 ℃. Stress testing suggested that form Ⅳ would transform into form Ⅰ under high humidity condition [R.H. (90±5)％]. The above experimental data showed that form Ⅳ was a metastable crystal form. Metastable crystal form generally has better solubility than its corresponding stable form. Subsequent solubility measurement also verified that form Ⅳ could dissolve more in water than form Ⅰ.
  • Paper
    Validation of Alternative Sampling Device Method for Aerosols
    JIANG Bo, FAN Yiling, ZHONG Wei, LIU Hao, YANG Meicheng*
    2018, 49(06): 835. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.021
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    Artificial contamination aerosols were prepared firstly so as to compare the main indexes of sampling device method established in our study with the pharmacopoeia method according to the alternative method validation guidelines for microbial tests recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. Quantitative parameters such as accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, linearity and repeatability were tested. The results showed that the sampling device method was as effective as the pharmacopoeia method, moreover, the sampling device method is simpler and has less pollution risks, suggesting that the sampling device method could be used as an alternative sampling method for the microbial test of aerosols.
    • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    Performance of Approval Regulation Policies on Innovative Drug in Japan and Its Enlightenment
    CHEN Yongfa, WANG Yufeng, WU Lin
    2018, 49(06): 839. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.022
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    The Progression of Controlling Standards of the Discharge of Air Pollutants in both the International and Domestic Biological Pharmaceutical Industries
    CHEN Shaoxiong
    2018, 49(06): 847. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.023
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    The Status and Strategies of Overseas Mergers and Acquisitions of Chinese Pharmaceutical Companies
    HE Yuchan1, GUO Wen2, ZHOU Bin1*
    2018, 49(06): 853. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.024
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    Case Study and Effect Analysis of Quality Management System Establishment in Chemical Manufacturing Research
    REN Xiaohong1,2, WANG Xiaoyan2, ZHAO Shen3
    2018, 49(06): 859. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.025
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    Relay Innovation Model of Pharmaceutical Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on Danoprevir
    ZHAO Dan, YAN Jianzhou, SHAO Rong*
    2018, 49(06): 864. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.026
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  • Pharmaceutical Management & Information
    The Improvement of the Medical Reserve Form in China
    YUAN Hanshibi1, HUANG Yeming2, FAN Meishan2, SHAO Rong1*
    2018, 49(06): 869. https://doi.org/10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2018.06.027
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