主办:上海医药工业研究院
   中国药学会
   中国化学制药工业协会
ISSN 1001-8255   CN 31-1243/R   ZYGZEA

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  • 2017 Volume 48 Issue 08
    Published: 10 August 2017
      

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  • RONG Shaofeng, LI Yingguang, ZHANG Shuo, LI Qianqian, GUAN Shimin*
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The bioconversion process for the production of 11α,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone using Aspergillus ochraceus were investigated. Plackett-Burman design was applied for the screening of the indexes which had great influences on substrate conversion. As a result, temperature and carbon/nitrogen ratio were selected as the most influential factors. Subsequently, the optimization of these factors was carried out using
    Box-Behnken design and response surface analysis. The results indicated that the optimal bioconversion conditions which provided the maximum molar conversion efficiency of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (86.1%) were as follows: carbon/nitrogen ratio of 2∶1 and temperature of 27.7 ℃. Different cosolvents were added into the fermentation medium for the further improvement of bioconversion. The results showed that the molar conversion rate of 17α- hydroxyprogesterone would be raised to 93.3% when adding 1% of DMF in the optimal fermentation medium, which was 8.4% higher compared with that without cosolvents.
  • DING Yunna1, KANG Bin2*, WANG Jian1
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Budesonide nanocrystals were prepared by precipitation method. The influences of various processing parameters such as crystallization temperature, stirring speed, addition speed of drug solution, budesonide concentration in ethanol and solvent to anti-solvent ratio, on the average particle size of budesonide nanocrystals were investigated. Then the formulation was optimized with the accumulated percentage of the particles less than 1 μm, the stability and atomization performance of the nanosuspensions as indexes. The resulting budesonide inhalation nanosuspension had an average
    size of 500-600 nm and 95%-100% of the accumulated particles less than 1 μm, which was stable for one month at 40 ℃. The atomization performance of the inhalation nanosuspension was evaluated using next generation impactor (NGI) atomized with Pari nebulizer and self-made vibrating-mesh nebulizer, respectively. The main evaluation parameters were delivered dose percentage, the drug amount in particles with the aerodynamic particle size smaller then
    5.0 μm(FPF<5 μm), and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). The results showed that the recoveries of drugs for the Pari and self-made vibrating-mesh nebulizers were (96.53±4.24)% and (95.02±8.62)% respectively, and the percentage of delivered dose and FPF<5 μm were (39.50±4.27)% and (68.25±0.26)% for Pari nebulizer, (90.67±2.94)%and (85.94±0.32)% for self-made vibrating-mesh nebulizer, respectively. It showed that the vibrating-mesh nebulizer could significantly improve the delivered dose and fine particle fraction, which was expected to reduce dosing volume,shorten treatment time and improve patient's compliance, indicating a good prospect for pulmonary drug delivery.
  • DING Yunna1, KANG Bin2*, WANG Jian1
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Budesonide nanocrystals were prepared by precipitation method. The influences of various processing parameters such as crystallization temperature, stirring speed, addition speed of drug solution, budesonide concentration in ethanol and solvent to anti-solvent ratio, on the average particle size of budesonide nanocrystals were investigated. Then the formulation was optimized with the accumulated percentage of the particles less than 1 μm, the stability and atomization performance of the nanosuspensions as indexes. The resulting budesonide inhalation nanosuspension had an average
    size of 500-600 nm and 95%-100% of the accumulated particles less than 1 μm, which was stable for one month at 40 ℃. The atomization performance of the inhalation nanosuspension was evaluated using next generation impactor (NGI) atomized with Pari nebulizer and self-made vibrating-mesh nebulizer, respectively. The main evaluation parameters were delivered dose percentage, the drug amount in particles with the aerodynamic particle size smaller then
    5.0 μm(FPF<5 μm), and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). The results showed that the recoveries of drugs for the Pari and self-made vibrating-mesh nebulizers were (96.53±4.24)% and (95.02±8.62)% respectively, and the percentage of delivered dose and FPF<5 μm were (39.50±4.27)% and (68.25±0.26)% for Pari nebulizer, (90.67±2.94)%and (85.94±0.32)% for self-made vibrating-mesh nebulizer, respectively. It showed that the vibrating-mesh nebulizer could significantly improve the delivered dose and fine particle fraction, which was expected to reduce dosing volume,shorten treatment time and improve patient's compliance, indicating a good prospect for pulmonary drug delivery.
  • CHEN Yanna, LUAN Hansen*, WANG Hao
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the addition of mannitol to poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA)-based implants loaded with dexamethasone prepared by hot melt extrusion. The implants were thoroughly characterized by in vitro drug release, mass loss after exposure to the release medium, molecular weight of PLGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC data indicated that mannitol was still in crystalline form during the extrusion and release processes. The higher amount of mannitol was, the faster release rate of mannitol from the system was. The in vitro release showed that the addition of mannitol could eliminate the lag phase of dexamethasone PLGA implants and prolong the in vitro release period. The in vitro drug release curves of the formulations containing 5%, 10% and 15% mannitol were fitted well to the zero-order kinetics, and r was 0.991, 0.997 and 0.980, respectively. Mass loss, GPC and SEM results showed that the degradation rate of the polymer decreased with the increasing of mannitol amount. The SEM observations showed that the addition of mannitol could form pores during the release and preparation process. Besides, adding mannitol could alter the degradation model of implants from “inside to outside” to more uniform. These phenomena could be explained by the inhibition of autocatalytic effect of PLGA. The resulted porosities caused by mannitol led to increase drug mobility as well as the acidic degradation products of PLGA, and hence reduced the autocatalytic degradation of PLGA in a central position of implants.
  • CHEN Bei, GAO Huijing, CHEN Chunyan, WANG Jianhua, ZHAO Jun*
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    The formulation and process parameters of albendazole nano-liposomes prepared by high pressure microfluidization were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology (Box-Behnken). On the basis of the results of the single factor test, the influences of pressure and temperature of homogenization and mass ratio of albendazole to soybean phospholipid on average size and entrapment efficiency were further investigated by Box-Behnken design involving three factors and three levels. The data were fitted by binomial regression model. The optimal parameters were as follows: preparation temperature was 37 ℃, homogenization pressure was 137.90 MPa, cycle numbers of homogenization was 8, mass ratio of albendazole to soybean phospholipid was 1∶2. The average size and entrapment efficiency of the optimal albendazole nano-liposomes were (208.25±2.13)nm and (96.16±0.74)%, their deviations from the predicted values were 0.94% and 0.05%. The observation of transmission electron microscopy showed that the
    product was spherical and uniform. The nano-liposomes stored at room temperature or 4 ℃ for 6 months were rather stable.
  • LIU Qi, LIU Shuai, YANG Changshui, DING Shengqing, NI Chenhui
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    Ebastine is a new chloropiperidine antihistamine and shows a wide range of clinical applications. The main dosage forms of ebastine are tablets in the market. But commercial tablets normally have low dissolution, slow onset and other issues. The melting and dripping method was used to prepare ebastine dripping pills in order to improve the drug dissolution. Box-Behnken design-response surface method was adopted to optimize the formulation and preparation process of dripping pills and the predicted results were validated. The preferred formulation was as follows: the ratio of drug to matrix was 1∶3.4, the ratio of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 to PEG 6000 in matrix was 1∶0.41, and the melting temperature was 84 ℃. The prepared dripping pills were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that ebastine existed in non-crystalline form in the optimized dripping pills. The dissolution profiles of the optimized dripping pills in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid were investigated with the commercial tablets as control. Compared with the commercial tablets, the dripping pills had the advantages such as rapid dissolution rate during 5—30 min and higher dissolution amount in vitro. The dissolution amounts at 60 min of the dripping pills and the commercial tablets were (89.0±4.8)% and (78.0±4.7)%, respectively.
  • ZHAO Guifang1,2, LIU Jie1,2, LIU Jun3, ZHANG Guimin1,2*
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    An HPLC method was established for the determination of the related substances in rosuvastatin calcium (1). A Waters Symmetry C18 column was used, with the mobile phase of water (adjusted to pH 3.5 with acetic acid)∶methanol∶acetonitrile (54∶18∶28), at the detection wavelength of 242 nm. The method validation results showed that 1 and its related substances 2—10 could be separated completely, and this method was specific, sensitive,accurate and reproducible. The calibration curves for 2—10 were linear in the ranges of 0.20—10, 0.79—20, 0.83—15,0.29—10, 0.60—10, 0.58—10, 0.66—10, 0.64—30 and 0.53—10 μg/ml, respectively. Their average recoveries were 98.3%, 99.9%, 99.1%, 100.7%, 100.3%, 99.5%, 101.3%, 100.8% and 101.1%, respectively, with RSDs less than 5%.
  • CAO Guangchao1, HAN Houliang2, ZHANG Jiwen2, ZHANG Lei3
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    A UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS method was established for the determination of two stereoisomers,5,6-trans-latanoprost (2) and 15S-latanoprost (3) in latanoprost (1) eye drops. A Thermo Accucore-C18 column was used, with the mobile phase of methanol∶acetonitrile∶water (adjusted to pH 3.0 with acetic acid, 48∶12∶40), with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The HESI was employed, as the sample was analyzed in the positive mode, with the probe heater temperature at 300 ℃, capillary temperature at 380 ℃, and with the scan mode of m/z 300 to m/z 600. The monitoring ions for 1, 2 and 3 were all [M+Na]+ m/z(455.277±0.003). It was linear for the stereoisomers in the range of 1—100 ng/ml.Their limits of quantitation were both 3 pg/ml. Their average recoveries were 96.50% and 95.22%, with RSDs of 1.99%and 2.34%, respectively.
  • QIN Shihui, FENG Zhong, ZHANG Guimin*
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    An experimental method was established for the measurement of the particle size distribution of palbociclib using laser particle size analyzer. A Malvern Mastersizer 3000 type laser size analyzer and a Hydro MV wet autosampler were used. In this paper, the influences of refractive index, dispersant’s dosage, shading degree, stirrer speed and measurement time on the measurement result of the particle size distribution of palbociclib were systematically studied. The experimental results showed that palbociclib tended to agglomerate in water, and an appropriate dispersant must be added to promote the particles to disperse evenly. The determination conditions were determined as follows:pump speed of 2 000 r/min, shading degree of 10%—17%, measurement time for background and samples of 10 s,sample refractive index of 1.48, and sample absorbency of 0.01. The method is accurate, simple, repeatable and suitable for the particle size analysis of palbociclib.
     
  • TAN Yanmei1, YOU Chunna1*, DONG Min2
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    This paper compares the new joint review and approval policy of pharmaceutical excipients with the former individual approval policy and the excipients regulatory policy in ICH member countries. Also the opportunities and challenges brought about by the implementation of the new policy are analyzed, hopes to provide suggestions and reflections for the excipients regulation in China.
  • ZONG Zaiwei1, REN Guoyan1, XIAO Mingfang2, WANG Yanli2, YANG Xiaoli2
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    Esomeprazole is a “blockbuster drug”, and it is the market leader in peptic ulcer treatment. A patent overview of esomeprazole, which including application trends, regional distribution, applicants, technical composition and patent citation, has been reported. This article also analyzes the patent portfolio of AstraZeneca from the point of timeline and technical subjects. It is hoped that it will be helpful for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises to understand the current situation of the intellectual property rights of esomeprazole.